Chapter Sixteen:  Acid Deposition

 

 

Chemicals:

 

1.         0.5 M sodium sulfite

            79.6 grams Na2SO3 per liter

            Make fresh each semester

 

2.         2 M sulfuric acid

            112.4 mL conc. H2SO4 per liter

 

3.         0.5 M potassium nitrite

            42.6 grams KNO2 per liter

            Make fresh each semester

 

4.         0.5 M barium chloride

            122 grams BaCl2 • 2H2O per liter

 

5.         2 M ammonia

            135.1 mL conc. NH3 per liter

 

6.         3% hydrogen peroxide

            Keep in refrigerator when not using

 

7.         2% starch/ 0.01 M potassium iodide

            20 grams soluble starch

            Make a paste with cold H2O 

            Pour into about 500 mL boiling water

            Add 1.7 grams KI

            Dilute to 1 liter

            Make fresh each semester

 

8.         0.03% bromocresol green, Na salt

            0.03 grams per 100 mL

 

9.         Red cabbage solution   

            Bring red cabbage pieces to a boil in 95% ethanol

            Boil 2-3 minutes

            Filter

Allow ethanol to evaporate until volume is approximately 1/5 the original volume.  Freeze to store

            Dilute with water, approx. 1: 5

 

10.       0.01 M sodium bicarbonate 

            .84 grams NaHCO3 per liter

 

11.       0.001 M sodium bicarbonate 

            Dilute (10) 100 mL per liter or 0.084 grams per NaHCO3 per liter

 

*12.     6 M hydrochloric acid

            To 100 mL H2O, add 100 mL conc. HCl

 

*13.     6 M ammonia

            To 90 mL H2O, add 60 mL conc. NH3

 

*#12 and #13 need to be made fresh for the week (NOT every day) and containers need to be kept separate from other reagents and from each other.

 

14.       2 flowers, e.g. red roses, geraniums, petunias (or other blue or red flowers)

 

15.       Red cabbage

 

16.       a.   Marble,  b.  Concrete,  c.   Quartz pieces

                        1.         Break with a hammer

                        2.         Sieve through fine screen (window)

3.         Sieve through plastic mesh (counted cross-stitch, about 10 mesh)

                                    Use this fragment

                        4.         Save the large pieces to be broken again

                        5.         Wash the fragments and bottle when dry

 

            d.  Marble dust

                        Use the fragment from (2) above

 

            e.  Road dust

 

            f.  Alumina, 8-14 mesh

 

            g.  Magnesium, small pieces

 

17.       Lake waters with sediment

 

18.       Spring water samples

 

            a.  Evian¨

 

            b.  Perrier¨

 

 

 

Supplies:

 

1.         Scotch tape

 

2.         Q-tips

 

3.         Straight pins

 

4.         Micro towels

 

5.         Detergent for washing petri dishes

 

6.         Labelled microburets, 1 per student

            a.         .01 M NaHCO3

            b.         KNO2

            c.         Na2SO3

            d.         H2SO4

            e.         2 M NH3

            f.          Starch/KI

            g.         BCG

            h.         .001 M NaHCO3

            i.           cabbage

 

The 2 M NH3, 6 M NH3 and 6 M HCl need to be capped; solutions need to be fresh

 

8.         Ice

 

9.         Waste containers

 

 

Per Student:

 

2 -        6 oz. styrofoam coffee cup

 

1 -        Microstirrer

 

1 -        Cut-off thin-stem

 

1 -        24-well tray  with labelled microburets

 

4 -        microburets

 

1 -        Straw spatula

 

1 -        Wash bottle

 

From Kit:

 

            1 -        24-well tray

 

2 -        Petri dishes

 

Lab top

 

Hand lens

 

Tweezers

 

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